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Foldit Wiki
Foldit is an online citizen science game in which humans try to solve one of the hardest computational problems in biology: protein folding. You don't need to know anything about biology to play the -
Intro Puzzles
Intro Puzzles show you how to play Foldit. This special campaign level shows you how to use many of the tools, and explains some of the key ideas, like Clashes, Voids, and Exposeds. Try to -
Hydropathy index
The hydropathy index of an amino acid is a number representing the hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties of its sidechain. It was proposed in 1982 by Jack Kyte and Russell F. Doolittle. The larger the number -
Lua Scripting Tutorial (Advanced)
Lua is the language used for recipes (also known as scripts or macros) in Foldit. See Lua Scripting for an overview and links to series of beginner scripting tutorials. This tutorial is for more experienced -
Simplified List of Lua Commands
Note: the commands (functions) described here are for Version 2 (V2) of the Foldit Lua Interface. The Version 1 equivalents are shown in parenthesis. See Simplified List of Lua Commands (V1) for the V1 version -
Protein backbone
Protein backbone is what holds a protein together and gives it an overall shape (or tertiary structure). Compared to RNA and DNA backbone, protein backbone has a relatively simple chemical structure - a nitrogen atom, two -
Get Started Playing Foldit
Foldit can be an extremely confusing game. The Foldit Wiki has not always been the most helpful in cutting through the confusion. After a burst of enthusiasm after its creation, the wiki fell into a -
How to start folding a DeNovo (freestyle) puzzle?
[Adapted from discussion on#global with itskimo and others] but do not move the backbone just yet. First define the secondary structures. These are the Sheets, Helices, Loops. Then freeze the Sheets and Helices. -
Backbone angle
Backbone angles in a protein are dihedral angles, which are the angles between two intersecting planes. They're also referred to as torsion angles, referring to how part of the backbone rotates or twists twists -
Amino Acids
Amino acids (also called segments or residues in Foldit) are the building blocks of proteins. Each amino acid has a unique sidechain, except for glycine. Each protein is identified by a unique sequence of amino -
Coronavirus Spike Protein
The Coronavirus Spike Protein is found on the surface of a coronavirus. This protein allows the virus to bind to specific receptors on the surface of a human cell, the first step toward infecting the -
Disulfide Bridge
A disulfide bridge is a strong bond that can form between two cysteines. The strength of disulfide bridges helps stabilize a protein. Disulfide bridges are especially common in proteins that are secreted from cells. For -
Sidechain Bonding Gallery
The images in this gallery show the amino acid sidechains with atoms that can form hydrogen bonds. These sidechains are marked as polar in the table of amino acids. Blue arrows show atoms which can -
Intro Puzzles/Flippin' Sheets
In this puzzle, the second sheet from the top has two hydrophobics with blotchy yellow exposeds on them. Madde's "Flippin' Sheets" video -
Rotamer
In proteins, the sidechain of an amino acid can take different positions. These positions are called rotamers. Foldit puzzles may also contain non-protein molecules called ligands. In some cases, small molecule ligands may have -
Hydrogen Bond Networks
A Hydrogen Bond Network is a web of hydrogen bonds that connects the sidechains of multiple residues. The Sidechain Bonding Gallery shows which sidechain atoms can form hydrogen bonds. -
Intro Puzzles/Hydrophobic Disaster
Hydrophobic Disaster starts with one sheet sticking out the right. The sheet has three blotchy yellow exposed hydrophobics. At least five other hydrophobics are exposed in other parts of the protein. Loci's "Hydrophobic Disaster -
Intro Puzzles/Lock and Lower
In this puzzle, one sheet is pointing off into space. A group of three sheets is already bonded together. Another sheet is off to one side, connected to the out-of-line sheet by a -
Revisiting puzzle results
Revisiting puzzles are one of the most common puzzle types in Foldit. Note: for easier maintenance, the high scores for the regular puzzles have been moved to the individual puzzle pages listed below. This page -
Histidine
Histidine (HIS or H) is a weakly hydrophilic amino acid. Histidine's pentagonal shape is unique in Foldit. In contrast, phenylalanine has a hexagonal shape, and is hydrophobic. In the Foldit Lua interface, the functions -
Revisiting puzzle/85: Cell Adhesion Protein
85: Cell Adhesion Protein is a revisiting puzzle, originally presented as Puzzle 85: Cell Adhesion Protein in 2008. (See cell adhesion for the similarly-named series of revisiting puzzles based on puzzle 136.) -
Revisiting puzzle/86: Nematode
86: Nematode is a Foldit revisiting puzzle, originally presented as Puzzle 86: Nematode in 2008. The protein in this puzzle is an anticoagulant from a nematode, Ancylostoma caninum, a hookworm which primarily infects dogs. -
Intro Puzzles/Lonely Sheets
This puzzle has two small sheets a long way apart. The two sheets should be bonded together, but just wiggling won't get them there. Madde's "Lonely Sheets" video -
Alpha carbon
The alpha carbon is the central point in the backbone of every amino acid. The alpha carbon (α-carbon or Cα) is what connects the amino group to the acid carboxyl group, giving amino acids -
Primary Structure
The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids that make up the protein. The primary structure is also called the primary sequence, amino acid sequence or AA sequence. The primary structure
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