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The SCOPe (Structural Classification of Proteins — extended) database classifies proteins according to their overall shape. Unfortunately, the SCOPe database, which is maintained by the University of California - Berkeley, is scheduled to be shut down in the summer of 2017 due to lack of funding.

This page attempts to categorize Foldit proteins according to the SCOPe classes. In sections below, puzzles shown on the same line involve proteins which should fold to a similar shape.

This page is not being actively maintained as of February 2017.

3D images and distance maps for many proteins from these classes are shown at Distance Maps and http://memorize.com/protein-distance-maps.

For complete lists of player-submitted images of puzzle results, see puzzle results - 379 to 1000 and puzzle results - 1001 and up.

All alpha proteins - SCOPe Class a[]

Mainly helices

DNA/RNA-binding 3-helical bundle[]

core: 3-helices; bundle, closed or partly opened, right-handed twist; up-and down 

Homeodomain-like[]

Homeodomain Puzzle 476, Puzzle 481, Puzzle 696

Myb/SANT domain[]

Puzzle 671, Puzzle 685, Puzzle 692

ARID-like[]

Puzzle 698

Peripheral subunit-binding domain of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex[]

3 helices; bundle, closed, right-handed twist; up-and-down: Puzzle 768

VHP, Villin headpiece domain[]

3 short helices; irregular array

VHP[]

VHP Chicken villin

Histone-fold[]

3 helices; long middle helix is flanked at each end with shorter ones

Histone Fold[]

Nucleosome core histones[]

form octamers composed of two copies of each of the four histones: Puzzle 761

4 helical up and down bundle[]

4 helices; bundle, closed or partly opened, left-handed twist; up-and-down 

Cytochromes[]

Puzzle 711

Alpha-catenin/vinculin-like  []

Puzzle 458

4-helical cytokines[]

core: 4 helices; bundle, closed; left-handed twist; 2 crossover connections: Puzzle 515, Puzzle 520Symmetry_CASP_ROLL_R0007, Puzzle 554

Acyl carrier protein-like[]

4 helices, bundle; helix 3 is shorter than others; up-and-down 

Retrovirus capsid dimerization domain-like[]

Puzzle 744

Dimerization-anchoring domain of cAMP-dependent PK regulatory subunit[]

4 helices; bundle, closed, right-handed twist: Puzzle 672

EF Hand-like[]

4 helices; array of 2 hairpins, opened: Puzzle 754

PTS-regulatory domain, PRD[]

core: 4 helices; bundle, closed, right-handed twist; 1 crossover connection: Puzzle 512, Puzzle 634

All beta proteins - SCOPe Class b[]

mainly sheets

OB fold[]

barrel, closed or partly opened n=5, S=10 or S=8; greek-key 

Nucleic acid-binding proteins[]

Cold Shock

BC4932-like[]

Puzzle 451

Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich[]

sandwich; 7 strands in 2 sheets; greek-key: Puzzle 452, Puzzle 462, Puzzle 432, Puzzle 437

Immunoglobulin[]

Puzzle 550 V set domains (antibody variable domain-like) Puzzle 474

C1 set domains (antibody constant domain-like) []

Puzzle 477

Fibronectin type III[]

Puzzle 491, Puzzle 505, Puzzle 507

PKD domain[]

Puzzle 770 (close to 1BR4), Puzzle 788

Transglutaminase, two C-terminal domains[]

Puzzle 461, Puzzle 464, Puzzle 482, Puzzle 485, Puzzle 542, Puzzle 546

ApaG-like[]

Puzzle 408, Puzzle 433, Puzzle 435, Puzzle 442

E set domains[]

Filamin repeat (rod domain) Puzzle 447, Puzzle 459, Puzzle 660

Invasin/intimin cell-adhesion fragments[]

Puzzle 414, Puzzle 416, Puzzle 426, Puzzle 429, Puzzle 668

C2 domain-like[]

sandwich; 8 strands in 2 sheets; greek-key

PHL pollen allergen[]

Puzzle 492, Puzzle 497

gamma-Crystallin-like[]

Sandwich; 8 strands in 2 sheets; greek-key duplication: has internal pseudo twofold symmetry Puzzle 766

Supersandwich[]

Puzzle 511, Puzzle 516, Puzzle 518

SH3-like barrel[]

barrel, partly opened; n*=4, S*=8; meander the last strand is interrupted by a turn of 3-10 helix

SH3-domain[]

Puzzle 704

PDZ domain-like[]

contains barrel, partly opened; n*=4, S*=8; meander; capped by alpha-helix: T-cell_Lymphoma

Lipocalins[]

barrel, closed or opened; n=8, S=12; meander

Fatty acid binding protein-like[]

ten-stranded meander beta-sheet folded upon itself, relates to the common fold by opening the barrel and insertion of beta-hairpin: Puzzle 733

WW domain-like []

core: 3-stranded meander beta-sheet 

WW domain[]

Puzzle 415, Puzzle 420

Beta clip[]

double-stranded ribbon sharply bent in two places; the ribbon ends form incomplete barrel; jelly-roll 

AFP III-like domain[]

duplication: consists of two structural repeats related by pseudo dyad 

Type III antifreeze protein, AFP III[]

Puzzle 777

Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) - SCOPe Class d[]

Mainly antiparallel beta sheets (segregated alpha and beta regions)

Lysozyme-like[]

common alpha+beta motif for the active site region

Lysozyme-like[]

C-type lysozyme Turkey_Egg_Lysozyme

 IL8-like[]

beta(3)-alpha

Interleukin 8-like chemokines[]

Viral_Macrophage_Inflammatory_Protein

DNA-binding domain[]

beta(3)-alpha; 2 layers: alpha/beta: Puzzle 751

Dodecin subunit-like[]

beta-alpha-beta(2); 2 layers: alpha/beta; antiparallel beta-sheet: order 132

 Amyloid beta a4 protein copper binding domain (domain 2) []

Copper Ion Binding

beta-Grasp (ubiquitin-like)[]

core: beta(2)-alpha-beta(2); mixed beta-sheet 2143: Puzzle 784

2Fe-2S ferredoxin-like[]

Puzzle 736

Cystatin-like[]

alpha-beta(4); helix packs against coiled antiparallel beta-sheet: Puzzle 611

Cystatin/monellin[]

Puzzle 573, Puzzle 580 Cystatins  Potato_Multicystatin

 dsRBD-like[]

alpha-beta(3)-alpha; 2 layers: alpha/beta: Puzzle 728, Puzzle 730, Puzzle 732

Alpha-lytic protease prodomain-like[]

core: alpha-beta(2)-(alpha)-beta; 2 layers: alpha/beta

Fe-S cluster assembly (FSCA) domain-like[]

 NifU C-terminal domain-like[]

Puzzle 693, Puzzle 699

GroEL-intermediate domain like[]

3-helical bundle packed against 3-stranded mixed beta-sheet: Puzzle 535, Puzzle 544, Puzzle 547

Ferredoxin-like[]

alpha+beta sandwich with antiparallel beta-sheet; (beta-alpha-beta)x2 

HMA, heavy metal-associated domain[]

Puzzle 785

Killer toxin KP6 alpha-subunit[]

Killer Toxin

RNA-binding domain, RBD[]

beta(3)-alpha; 2 layers: alpha/beta Canonical RBD Puzzle 417, Puzzle 431

Acylphosphatase/BLUF domain-like[]

Acylphosphatase-like Puzzle 506

Probable bacterial effector-binding domain[]

duplication of beta-alpha-beta(2) motif: antiparallel beta sheet forms barrel (n=6, S=12) 

Probable bacterial effector-binding domain[]

Gyrase inhibitory protein Gyr Puzzle 438, Puzzle 446, Puzzle 473, Puzzle 498

Secretion chaperone-like[]

alpha-beta(3)-alpha-beta(2)-alpha; 2 layers: alpha/beta

Type III secretory system chaperone-like[]

Type III secretory system chaperone[]

Puzzle 456, Puzzle 472

beta-Grasp (ubiquitin-like)[]

core: beta(2)-alpha-beta(2); mixed beta-sheet 2143: Puzzle 469

Immunoglobulin-binding domains[]

Streptococcal_Protein

Pili subunits[]

contains very long N-terminal helix, which end is packed against beta-sheet

Pili subunits[]

Puzzle 470

Profilin-like[]

2 alpha-helices and 5-stranded antiparallel sheet: order 21543; 3 layers: alpha/beta/alpha 

PYP-like sensor domain (PAS domain)[]

alpha-beta(2)-alpha(2)-beta(3): Puzzle 517, Puzzle 521, Puzzle 524

GYF/BRK domain-like[]

beta(2)-alpha-beta(2)-alpha; 2 layers, alpha/beta

GYF domain[]

Puzzle 729

TBP-like[]

Puzzle 411

Bet v1-like[]

Puzzle 613

Protein kinase-like (PK-like)[]

Puzzle 478

gpW/XkdW-like[]

alpha-beta(2)-alpha; antiparallel hairpin: Puzzle 500

SufE/NifU[]

alpha(2)-beta(3)-alpha(3); 2 layers alpha/beta, 3-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet; order 123: Puzzle 551

Alpha and beta proteins (a/b) - SCOPe Class c[]

Mainly parallel beta sheets (beta-alpha-beta units)

The "swivelling" beta/beta/alpha domain[]

3 layers: b/b/a; the central sheet is parallel, and the other one is antiparallel; there are some variations in topology

GroEL apical domain like[]

GroEL-like chaperone, apical domain Puzzle 412

Leucine-rich repeat, LRR (right-handed beta-alpha superhelix)[]

2 curved layers, a/b; parallel beta-sheet; order 1234...N: Puzzle 527, Puzzle 534

Flavodoxin-like[]

3 layers, a/b/a; parallel beta-sheet of 5 strand, order 21345

CheY-like[]

Puzzle 434, Puzzle 436, Puzzle 440, Puzzle 445, Puzzle 449, Puzzle 453, Puzzle 454, Puzzle 488, Puzzle 502

CheY-related[]

Puzzle 483

SGNH hydrolase[]

Puzzle 584, Puzzle 588

Phosphotyrosine protein phosphatases I-like[]

3 layers: a/b/a; parallel beta-sheet of 4 strands, order 2134

 PTS system IIB component-like[]

Puzzle 658Puzzle 700

Thioredoxin fold[]

core: 3 layers, a/b/a; mixed beta-sheet of 4 strands, order 4312; strand 3 is antiparallel to the rest

Thioredoxin-like[]

core: 3 layers, a/b/a; mixed beta-sheet of 4 strands, order 4312; strand 3 is antiparallel to the rest: Puzzle 621

Thioltransferase[]

Puzzle 455, Puzzle 622, Puzzle 467, Puzzle 739 had no images shared, Puzzle 746

Txnl5-like []

Puzzle 457, Puzzle 463Puzzle 480, Puzzle 486

Nucleotide-diphospho-sugar transferases[]

Puzzle 618

Membrane and cell surface proteins and peptides - SCOPe Class f[]

Family A G protein-coupled receptor-like[]

core: up-and-down bundle of seven transmembrane helices tilted 20 degrees with respect to the plane of the membrane Puzzle 726 had no results shared.

Small proteins - SCOPe Class g[]

Insulin-like[]

nearly all-alpha can be classified as disulfide-rich: Puzzle 707

Knottins (small inhibitors, toxins, lectins)[]

disulfide-bound fold; contains beta-hairpin with two adjacent disulfides 

Scorpion toxin-like[]

Short-chain scorpion toxins Scorpion_Toxin, Puzzle 762

Defensin-like[]

Disulfide-rich fold, nearly all-beta

Defensin-like[]

Puzzle 548, Puzzle 624Platypus Venom, Puzzle 774

Crambin-like[]

disulfide-rich alpha+beta fold: Puzzle 781Puzzle 790

FYVE/PHD zinc finger[]

Puzzle 615

Coiled coil proteins - SCOPe Class h[]

Parallel coiled-coil[]

Coiled-coil dimerization domain from cortexillin I[]

Puzzle 479

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